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            <h1>トランスフォーマー XL</h1>
<p><a href="https://pytorch.org">これは PyTorch の <a href="https://papers.labml.ai/paper/1901.02860">Transformer-XL: 固定長のコンテキストを超えた注意深い言語モデルの実装です</a>。</a></p>
<p>Transformer のアテンションスパンは、並行してトレーニングされたシーケンスの長さと同じくらいの制限があります。これらの位置はすべて固定された位置エンコーディングになっています。Transformer XLは、事前に計算された過去の埋め込みに各ポジションに注目させることで、このアテンションスパンを増やします。たとえば、コンテキストの長さがの場合<span ><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqa" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span></span></span></span></span></span>、<span ><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqa" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em">l</span></span></span></span></span></span>前のバッチの長さのすべてのレイヤーの埋め込みを保持し、それらを現在のステップに送ります。固定位置エンコーディングを使用すると、これらの事前に計算された埋め込みは現在のコンテキストと同じ位置になります。相対位置エンコーディングが導入され、アテンション計算時に位置エンコーディングが導入されます</p>。
<p>相対的多面的注意の注釈付き実装が導入されました。<a href="relative_mha.html"><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">relative_mha</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span></code>
</a></p>
<p>Tiny <a href="experiment.html">ShakespeareデータセットでトランスフォーマーXLモデルをトレーニングするためのトレーニングコードとノートブックです</a>。</p>
<p><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/labmlai/annotated_deep_learning_paper_implementations/blob/master/labml_nn/transformers/xl/experiment.ipynb"><img alt="Open In Colab" src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg"></a></p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">35</span><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">typing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Optional</span>
<span class="lineno">36</span>
<span class="lineno">37</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch</span>
<span class="lineno">38</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch.nn</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">nn</span>
<span class="lineno">39</span>
<span class="lineno">40</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">labml_helpers.module</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Module</span>
<span class="lineno">41</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">labml_nn.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">clone_module_list</span>
<span class="lineno">42</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.relative_mha</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">RelativeMultiHeadAttention</span>
<span class="lineno">43</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">..feed_forward</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FeedForward</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-1'>
        <div class='docs doc-strings'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-1'>#</a>
            </div>
            <h2>トランスフォーマー XL レイヤー</h2>
<p>トランスフォーマーXLモデルは、これらのレイヤーを多数備えています。</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">46</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TransformerXLLayer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-2'>
        <div class='docs doc-strings'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-2'>#</a>
            </div>
            <ul><li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">d_model</span></code>
トークンの埋め込みサイズです</li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">self_attn</span></code>
<a href="relative_mha.html">セルフアテンションモジュールです</a></li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">feed_forward</span></code>
フィードフォワードモジュールです</li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">dropout_prob</span></code>
セルフアテンションとFFNの後に脱落する確率です</li></ul>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">52</span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">53</span>                 <span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">54</span>                 <span class="n">self_attn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">RelativeMultiHeadAttention</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">55</span>                 <span class="n">feed_forward</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">FeedForward</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">56</span>                 <span class="n">dropout_prob</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-3'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-3'>#</a>
            </div>
            
        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">63</span>        <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="lineno">64</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d_model</span>
<span class="lineno">65</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">self_attn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">self_attn</span>
<span class="lineno">66</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed_forward</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feed_forward</span>
<span class="lineno">67</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dropout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Dropout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dropout_prob</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="lineno">68</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm_self_attn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LayerNorm</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="lineno">69</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm_ff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LayerNorm</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">])</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-4'>
        <div class='docs doc-strings'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-4'>#</a>
            </div>
            <ul><li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">x</span></code>
トークンレベルの形状ベクトルのテンソルです <code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">seq_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
</li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">mem</span></code>
過去のトークンレベルの形状ベクトルのテンソルです <code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mem_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
</li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">mask</span></code>
<code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">seq_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem_len</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">seq_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
<code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">seq_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem_len</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">seq_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
は形状のマトリックスか<code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
トークン at が at <code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">i</span></code>
 のトークンを参照できる場合は true <code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">j</span></code>
 になります。</li></ul>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">71</span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">72</span>                <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">73</span>                <span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="lineno">74</span>                <span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-5'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-5'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>セルフアテンションを行う前にベクトルを正規化してください</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">82</span>        <span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm_self_attn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-6'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-6'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>メモリがあれば</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">84</span>        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mem</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-7'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-7'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>正規化してください</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">86</span>            <span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm_self_attn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-8'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-8'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>と連結 <code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">z</span></code>
</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">88</span>            <span class="n">m_z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cat</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-9'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-9'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>メモリがない場合は無視してください</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">90</span>        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="lineno">91</span>            <span class="n">m_z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">z</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-10'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-10'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>注意</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">93</span>        <span class="n">self_attn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">self_attn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">m_z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">m_z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mask</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-11'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-11'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>アテンション結果を追加</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">95</span>        <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dropout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self_attn</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-12'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-12'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>フィードフォワード用に正規化</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">98</span>        <span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm_ff</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-13'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-13'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>フィードフォワードネットワークを通過</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">100</span>        <span class="n">ff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-14'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-14'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>フィードフォワードの結果を追加し直す</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">102</span>        <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dropout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ff</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-15'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-15'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p></p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">105</span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-16'>
        <div class='docs doc-strings'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-16'>#</a>
            </div>
            <h2>トランスフォーマー XL モデル</h2>
<p>これは複数のトランスXL層で構成されています</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">108</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TransformerXL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-17'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-17'>#</a>
            </div>
            
        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">115</span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TransformerXLLayer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_layers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="lineno">116</span>        <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-18'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-18'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>トランスレイヤーのコピーを作成</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">118</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">layers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">clone_module_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_layers</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-19'>
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            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-19'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>最終正規化レイヤー</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">120</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LayerNorm</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">])</span></pre></div>
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    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-20'>
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                <a href='#section-20'>#</a>
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            <ul><li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">x</span></code>
トークン埋め込みの形状ベクトルのテンソルです <code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">seq_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
</li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">mem</span></code>
過去のトークンレベルのテンソル、<code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mem_len</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d_model</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
各レイヤーの形状ベクトルのリストです</li>
<li><code  class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">mask</span></code>
はマスキングマトリックスです</li></ul>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">122</span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-21'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-21'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>次のシーケンシャルバッチのメモリとなるトークンレベルの特徴ベクトルを格納するリスト。</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">131</span>        <span class="n">new_mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span></pre></div>
        </div>
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    <div class='section' id='section-22'>
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                <a href='#section-22'>#</a>
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            <p>各変圧器層に通す</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">133</span>        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">layers</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-23'>
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                <a href='#section-23'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>特徴ベクトルのリストに追加</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">135</span>            <span class="n">new_mem</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">detach</span><span class="p">())</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-24'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-24'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>メモリー</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">137</span>            <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mem</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-25'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-25'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>トランスフォーマーXLレイヤーを通す</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">139</span>            <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mask</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-26'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-26'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>最後に、ベクトルを正規化します。</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">141</span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">new_mem</span></pre></div>
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